With the promotion of automation technology, the industry is moving in the direction of digitization, intelligence, networking, and integrated integration. Manufacturing factories are moving toward a highly integrated and integrated process.
In the future, as people become more sophisticated with the use of high-end automation technology, we can see more possibilities!
01 Intelligent Instrumentation
In the control system, instrumentation is used as its constituent element, and its technological progress is developed following the development of control system technology. At present, the control theory has developed to a new stage of intelligent control, and the intelligentization of automated instrumentation becomes inevitable.
The intelligence of instrumentation is mainly attributed to the development and application of microprocessor and artificial intelligence technology. For example, the use of neural networks, genetic algorithms, evolutionary calculations, chaos control and other intelligent technologies, make instruments and meters to achieve high-speed, high-efficiency, multi-functional, high mobility and other performance. Another example is the use of fuzzy rules in fuzzy inference techniques to make various types of fuzzy decisions about various fuzzy relationships of things. For another example, using software to implement signal filtering, such as Fast Fourier Transform, Short-Time Fourier Transform, Wavelet Transform, etc., is an effective way to simplify the hardware, improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and improve the dynamic characteristics of the sensor; also, for example, to make full use of artificial neural network technology. Strong self-learning, self-adaptation, self-organizing ability, association, memory function, black box mapping characteristics between input and output of nonlinear complex relations, etc.
At present, the weakest areas of intelligence in China and most in need of development are basic industries such as instruments, meters, and sensors. With the rapid development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of automation, China's instrumentation industry will also undergo new changes and gain new development. The high-tech, especially intelligent, instrumentation products will become the mainstream of instrumentation technology and industry development in the future. Smart instrumentation based on the theory of intelligent control currently has roughly the following progress:
1 expert controller
The expert control system (ECS) is a typical knowledge-based control system. It is a program system with a large amount of expertise and experience. It uses artificial intelligence technology and computer technology to reason and judge based on the knowledge and experience provided by one or more experts in a field. It simulates the decision-making process of human experts and solves those complex problems that require human experts to solve well.
2 Fuzzy Controller
Fuzzy controller (FC-FuzzyController), also called fuzzy logic controller (FLC-FuzzyLogicController). Because the fuzzy control technology has the ability to deal with uncertainty, inaccuracy and fuzzy information, it can effectively control the controlled process that can not build the mathematical model, and can solve some problems that cannot be solved by the conventional control method. Therefore, the fuzzy control is Industrial control has been widely used.
3 neural network controller
The application of neural networks in industrial control systems improves the system's information processing capabilities and improves the system's intelligence. The so-called neural network control, referred to as neural control, refers to the use of neural network technology to model complex nonlinear objects, or to act as controllers, or to optimize calculations, or to reason, or fault diagnosis.
It should be noted that in the intelligent field of instrumentation, whether it is neural network, fuzzy control or chaos control, although there are many articles published by scholars in our country, the work and achievements of strict and meticulous and independent innovation are not many. Some high-end instruments and meters still need to be imported.
02 Networking of Control Systems
The 21st century control system will be a combination of network and control systems. The research on Networked Control System (NCS) has become one of the leading topics in the current automation field. As the communication network is embedded into the control system as a system link, this greatly enriches the industrial control technology and means, and the automation system and the industrial control system have undergone major changes in the architecture, control methods, and human-machine cooperation methods. At the same time, it also brought about some new problems, such as the coupling of control and communication, time delay, information dispatching methods, distributed control methods, and faults, etc.
With the emergence of these new problems, the control methods and algorithms of the automatic control theory in the network environment need continuous innovation. With the continuous development of computer technology, communication technology and network technology. The traditional field of control is undergoing an unprecedented transformation and has begun to develop in the direction of networking. The structure of the control system has evolved from the original CCS (Computerized Centralized Control System) to the second-generation DCS (Distributed Control System) to the now popular FCS (Fieldbus Control System). The demand for large data volume and high-rate transmission such as images and voice signals has also given rise to the combination of industrial Ethernet and control networks. This wave of networked industrial control systems incorporates many popular technologies such as embedded technology, multi-standard industrial control network interconnection, and wireless technology, thereby expanding the space for development in the field of industrial control and bringing new opportunities for development.
Promoting industrialization through informationization is not only a strong guarantee for the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, but also an important means for the structural transformation of traditional industrial systems. Network technology as a representative of information technology, its combination with industrial control systems will greatly improve the level of control systems, change the relatively closed enterprise information management structure of existing industrial control systems, and adapt to the needs of modern enterprise integrated automation management. Network technology has promoted the transformation of the structure of traditional industrial control systems.
The integration of fieldbus, Ethernet, various industrial control network interconnections, embedded technologies, and wireless communication technologies into industrial control networks enhances the system's stability and real-time performance Openness and interoperability have improved the system's adaptability to different environments. In today's economic globalization, the network and composition of this industrial control system enable companies to adapt to unprecedented fierce market competition, help speed up the development of new products, reduce production costs, improve information services, and have broad prospects for development. .
03 Industrial Communication Wireless
Wireless communication of industrial communication is also a heated issue in the current automation field. Industrial control companies have gradually realized that wireless technology will be the foundation for the next technology to take off and will greatly enhance plant performance and ensure the safety of users.
With the increasing popularity of wireless technologies, various vendors are providing a series of hardware and software technologies to help increase communication capabilities in products. These technically supported communication standards include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS (Global Positioning System), 5G, and WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). However, when adding wireless networking capabilities, the choice of chip and associated software (assuming that the chosen implementation works properly and satisfies the relevant demonstration requirements) can be challenging. Even if a viable design is made, it may not be successful in the market without optimizing performance, power consumption, cost, and scale. The hottest thing today is not necessarily the best communication standard and what the customer needs. Therefore, the selected hardware and software implementation should have the following features: Each new generation of products does not need to be completely adapted from scratch.
The trend of wireless technology entering the industrial field is undoubted, especially in situations where cable cannot be used, it seems that wireless has advantages. However, this requires the perfection of the performance of the wireless technology itself, and the reliability, reliability and real-time performance of the communication, and compatibility must be enhanced. Therefore, in the near future, industrial wireless technology will still be an extension of traditional wired technologies, and most instrumentation and automation products will embed wireless transmission functions. International research on wireless technology is still in its infancy, relevant standards are being formulated, and our country’s scientific research institutions are also involved. This has, to a certain extent, promoted the development of wireless technology in China’s process industry.
As wireless technology is still in the stage of R&D and continuous improvement, the functions are limited. Moreover, in the field of automation technology, there is no recognized and proven wireless technology standard that is more reliable in real-time control. This is particularly prominent in the case of short working cycle times. Therefore, the current application of wireless technology can only be limited to data acquisition and monitoring (SCADA).
But as reliability increases, wireless technology will have a wider range of applications. Wireless communications will grow rapidly in the coming years, but wireless will not replace wired communications. Wired is stable, reliable, and secure and will not disappear. Wireless is only a substitute for wired solutions where wireline is inconvenient or costly. If wireless and wired are organically combined, both parties will play their respective advantages and will provide new solutions for growth productivity. Wired communication is suitable for wired communication and wireless communication is suitable for wireless communication. Since both wired and wireless communication support the TCP/IP protocol, these two communication methods can be combined organically, exert their respective strengths, and Increase productivity.
04 Internet of Things and Automation
Today, the Internet of Things can be said to be one of the most prolific in the major media, and is closely associated with "intelligence." From the perspective of “management, control, and intelligenceâ€, the Internet of Things and industrial automation are in the same line. Industrial automation includes collection, transmission, and calculation. The Internet of Things is comprehensively perceived, reliable, and intelligent. Both are Communicating.
The Internet of Things only emphasizes wireless, mass interviews, and smart computing. The Internet of Things and automation technology are very closely linked. The difference between the two is: "Traditional automation networks are mostly implemented through wired networks. The scope of network connectivity is narrow. In the sensor network, wireless networks are the main transmission path and the scope of connectivity is more extensive." Naturally, letting industrial automation companies look for the development of the Internet of Things is a matter of course.
Application areas of the Internet of Things, such as: application of Internet of things technology in logistics, supply chain, storage management systems; application of Internet of Things technology in the production of industrial products, tracking, progress monitoring, quality tracking, etc.; Internet of things technology in valuable commodities , Dangerous goods supervision, tracking and anti-counterfeiting applications; Internet of things technology in large conferences, high-level meetings and important meetings of electronic documents, large-scale events, concerts, scenic spots and other personnel in the e-tickets of the circulation area (such as: Shanghai World Expo) Application; Internet of Things technology in the application of long-distance automatic identification and management of traffic charges, various types of vehicles; the application of IOT technology in the area of ​​automatic identification, recording, positioning and query; Internet of things technology in the animal, food industry chain The entire process of retrospective applications; agriculture, disaster relief and emergency and other areas will be used in all areas of the Internet of things; the application of Internet of things technology in the management of valuable assets and important assets; the application of Internet of Things technology in the entire process of brand apparel; Application of technology in the field of books; IoT technology in military guns , personnel management, vehicle management, material management, security and confidentiality applications; application of Internet of things technology in aviation, automotive and other fields; application of Internet of things technology in retail industry; application of Internet of things technology in social security; Internet of things Application of technology in the smart city area; and short-range communication technology: zigbee chip, zigbee communication module, zigbee network, GPS, RTLS real-time location system, Bluetooth technology, UWB (ultra-wideband) technology and applications; EPC (product electronic code) network : EPC labeling, EPC middleware, EPC server, EPC public service platform, EPC network; sensor network, mobile communication network, global positioning network and other related application networks, business intelligence analysis software systems, and so on.
The “Internet of Things†has overturned the traditional thinking that human physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure were completely separated. It effectively links physical facilities such as highways and buildings with personal computers, mobile phones, home appliances, transportation facilities, and IT facilities. Management, manufacturing, social management, and people’s personal lives are fully interconnected.
From the perspective of the industry chain required by the Internet of Things, the automatic control, information sensing, and radio frequency identification required by the Internet of Things belong to its upstream technologies and industries, while the downstream is the application of the Internet of Things. Some industry experts also believe that: "Traditional industrial automation is actually part of the Internet of Things." Calls for industrial automation companies to become the promoter of the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things, as a combination of informatization and automation, has the potential and advantages of unlimited magnification. Some units are keenly aware of the potential of the Internet of Things in the management process and production process optimization, and have achieved preliminary results. The traditional automation network is very similar to the sensor network in the Internet of Things.
05 Cloud Computing and Automation Argonne National Laboratory
Cloud computing is the development of distributed processing, parallel processing, and grid computing, or the commercial implementation of these computer science concepts. Its core is the storage and calculation of massive data, with special emphasis on the application of virtualization technology. In short, cloud computing is a supercomputing model that relies on the internet to connect huge resources together to provide users with various IT services.
For example, the cloud computing model will bring about tremendous changes in the automation software industry in the future. There are:
1 The architecture of the automation system will be more flexible and the distributed architecture will be extended to a wider range.
In modern large-scale industrial automation and informatization projects, systems have become increasingly large and complex, and existing network and system architectures have been unable to cope with these challenges. The revolutionary concept of cloud computing completely broke the original rigid system structure in the automation system. In cloud computing systems, automation and information systems do not simply run on a fixed computer, but run on the entire network, including the Internet, and allocate resources and implement systems based on the entire network. Functionality.
2 The analysis and processing of massive information will become the normal function of automation software.
In modern large-scale automation projects, the amount of automated information data is getting larger and larger, and using “mass†to describe it is not an exaggeration. Therefore, the types of databases, data storage modes, and data reading and query modes used in current automation software are currently performed around accurate and timely processing of large amounts of data. The processing of massive information has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of automation software.
In the cloud computing
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