Early Spring Season Fertilizing Material Technology

The saying “planting in spring and catching fertilizer” originates from the farmers of Anhui Province, reflecting a traditional agricultural practice that marks the beginning of the spring season. It suggests that when spring arrives, it's time to apply fertilizers to wheat and rapeseed crops. But what is the scientific reasoning behind this age-old advice? And is it applicable across different regions like South China or Northeast China? To explore these questions, Professor Cao Yiping, an expert in soil and fertilization from China Agricultural University, shared insights on the phenological characteristics of the "Lichun" solar term and modern fertilization practices. This year, the Lunar New Year fell in an unusual position, with Lichun occurring at 0:52 on February 4, 2009—the first day of the Year of the Ox. From a meteorological perspective, the start of spring signals the warming winds and the gradual thawing of the earth. However, due to China’s vast geography, the onset of spring varies greatly in temperature and weather conditions. Therefore, agricultural activities must be tailored to local climates and soil conditions. Another key factor during the beginning of spring is moisture. Precipitation levels differ significantly across the country. In northern regions, the early spring period remains dry, with limited rainfall. This year has been particularly challenging, as rising temperatures have increased soil evapotranspiration, worsening drought conditions. In the Yellow River Basin, precipitation typically ranges around 5mm, while southern areas receive between 5-50mm. In major winter wheat regions, temperatures in North China have risen after the start of spring, causing the 0°C isotherm to shift northward. However, precipitation levels remain relatively stable, and strong winds further accelerate soil erosion, making spring droughts a significant challenge in the north. As the earth awakens, dormant plants begin to grow, and the soil thaws. Farmers are busy preparing for planting and applying fertilizers. As the old saying goes, “Spring is the most important season of the year,” and “A day in spring is worth a gold ingot.” But effective farming isn't about following tradition blindly—it requires careful analysis and adjustments based on local temperature and rainfall patterns. Professor Cao Yiping provided region-specific recommendations for the practice of “planting in spring and catching fertilizer” in various parts of the country: In northern greenhouses, fertilization should be done carefully after harvesting. A small amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers is recommended, as over-application can burn young seedlings and damage leaves. In central and southern Henan, where winter wheat is grown, farmers should press the topsoil after it thaws to protect the crop. For fields with irrigation, the first application of ammonium bicarbonate should be watered in promptly. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, crops like rapeseed and wheat benefit from timely fertilization during the start of spring. Nitrogen-based fertilizers are usually applied, and if no compound or organic fertilizers were used previously, potassium should also be added. Combining nitrogen and potassium yields better results. Whether using urea or ammonium bicarbonate, these fertilizers should not be left exposed on the ground to prevent evaporation and loss of efficiency. Fruit trees in the area also require timely fertilization. In South China and Hainan, the start of spring marks a critical time for rice paddies and tropical crops such as bananas, mangoes, litchis, longans, pineapples, and peppers. These crops enter their growth peak, making it an ideal time for top-dressing. Solid nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are generally preferred. However, some farmers mistakenly dissolve solid phosphorus fertilizers or ternary fertilizers in water and use foam to disperse them, which is inefficient and leads to nutrient waste. Such practices reduce the effectiveness of fertilization and should be avoided.

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