Jin Yong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at Tsinghua University, pointed out at the national chemical industry round-the-clock exchange meeting that the theory of circular economy has a strict scientific nature. Modern production practice has proved that the purpose of circular economy can be achieved, and the key is to have a project. Science and technology support, otherwise the theory of circular economy will become a mirage.
The petroleum and chemical industry is a resource processing type raw material industry. Establishing the concept of scientific development of circular economy is the only way to maintain the sustainable development of the industry. In recent years, China's petroleum and chemical industries have developed and promoted a large number of new technologies and new processes to save resources and reduce pollution, providing strong support for the development of circular economy.
There are two main types of chemical recycling economic technologies. One is the low quality of raw materials and comprehensive utilization of waste technologies, such as the production of olefins from the cracking of residue, the continuous gasification of pulverized coal to syngas technology, the production of co-production of phosphoric acid from phosphogypsum, and carbonyl. Synthetic acetic acid technology. The second is the technology that can significantly reduce emissions and save resources and energy during the production process, such as the production of calcium-free roasting red wolfberry sodium, ion-exchange membrane caustic soda, wet-process phosphoric acid, and phosphorylation of dephosphorylated phosphoric acid.
The promotion of circular economy and technology is a bit of a paramount importance. The circular economy's values ​​are very different from traditional economics. Traditional economics only focuses on the saving of production and labor time, and maximizes the marginal benefit of capital. The concept of circular economy seeks to maximize economic efficiency under the premise of pursuing the maximization of natural resource utilization and minimizing environmental pollution. Due to factors such as the inconsistency of corporate interests, national resources, environmental interests, and the level of technological development, it is very difficult to promote circular economy technology with the traditional concept of market economics. In the 1970s, Lubei Enterprise Group Corporation overcame the phosphogypsum sulfuric acid co-production cement technology, which can solve the worldwide problem of large amounts of waste phosphogypsum emissions in the production of ammonium phosphate, and solve the sulfur resource of sulfuric acid production. Supply is a world-recognized zero-emission recycling economy and technology. However, due to the lack of strict environmental restrictions on the accumulation of phosphogypsum in the country and the scarce supply of sulfur resources, the cost of adopting new technologies over the original technology has risen. Many phosphate fertilizer companies lack the enthusiasm for adopting this new technology. Currently, domestic phosphogypsum The processing volume is still less than 20%. It can thus be seen that the development of a circular economy requires the government to formulate industrial policies that meet new values ​​and coordinate the participation of various forces in society.
The promotion of circular economy and technology requires innovative technological concepts. To replace the shortage of resources and energy, we must establish the concept of functional substitution. We should not rigidly adhere to the substitution of the same products. The goal is to pursue the reduction of resources and energy and the reduction of pollution. For example, at present, the problem of coal-oil substitutes that are very hot in China is that liquid fuels that can be used by vehicles, boats, and airplanes do not necessarily require gasoline and diesel. There are several types of solutions in dispute: direct hydrogenation and liquefaction of coal to produce oil, high-pressure reaction, and products are mainly based on inferior diesel, and continuous high-pressure hydrogenation and reforming are required. The energy consumption is 4 to 4.5 tons of standard coal/ton of liquid fuel; coal Indirect hydrogenation liquefaction to produce oil, medium pressure reaction, the product is inferior quality gasoline and diesel oil, to be continuously pressurized, energy consumption is 5 ~ 5.5 tons of standard coal / ton of liquid fuel; dimethyl ether synthesis, medium pressure reaction, the product is diesel fuel generation Supplies, compared with diesel, the engine efficiency is 10% to 15% higher, the noise is 10dB lower, the exhaust gas cleanliness conforms to Euro III standard, the energy consumption is 2.2 to 2.5 tons standard coal/ton liquid fuel; methanol synthesis, medium pressure reaction Can be mixed with petrol or used alone, the engine output is low, low energy density, toxic, energy consumption is 1.8 ~ 2.2 tons of standard coal / ton of liquid fuel. It can be seen that the energy consumption levels of several schemes are quite different. In theory, the ratio of the energy efficiency of coal to methanol, dimethyl ether, and diesel is 1:0.714:0.438, which means that the use of methanol and dimethyl ether to replace oil will save about half of the coal resources. Moreover, the technology for producing methanol and dimethyl ether from coal is mature, and the technology of coal-to-oil is not mature.
From this, we can see the current risk of large coal-to-oil projects in China. Which kind of coal substitute oil program China uses, the country's decision-making departments do need to consider long-term plans.
The petroleum and chemical industry is a resource processing type raw material industry. Establishing the concept of scientific development of circular economy is the only way to maintain the sustainable development of the industry. In recent years, China's petroleum and chemical industries have developed and promoted a large number of new technologies and new processes to save resources and reduce pollution, providing strong support for the development of circular economy.
There are two main types of chemical recycling economic technologies. One is the low quality of raw materials and comprehensive utilization of waste technologies, such as the production of olefins from the cracking of residue, the continuous gasification of pulverized coal to syngas technology, the production of co-production of phosphoric acid from phosphogypsum, and carbonyl. Synthetic acetic acid technology. The second is the technology that can significantly reduce emissions and save resources and energy during the production process, such as the production of calcium-free roasting red wolfberry sodium, ion-exchange membrane caustic soda, wet-process phosphoric acid, and phosphorylation of dephosphorylated phosphoric acid.
The promotion of circular economy and technology is a bit of a paramount importance. The circular economy's values ​​are very different from traditional economics. Traditional economics only focuses on the saving of production and labor time, and maximizes the marginal benefit of capital. The concept of circular economy seeks to maximize economic efficiency under the premise of pursuing the maximization of natural resource utilization and minimizing environmental pollution. Due to factors such as the inconsistency of corporate interests, national resources, environmental interests, and the level of technological development, it is very difficult to promote circular economy technology with the traditional concept of market economics. In the 1970s, Lubei Enterprise Group Corporation overcame the phosphogypsum sulfuric acid co-production cement technology, which can solve the worldwide problem of large amounts of waste phosphogypsum emissions in the production of ammonium phosphate, and solve the sulfur resource of sulfuric acid production. Supply is a world-recognized zero-emission recycling economy and technology. However, due to the lack of strict environmental restrictions on the accumulation of phosphogypsum in the country and the scarce supply of sulfur resources, the cost of adopting new technologies over the original technology has risen. Many phosphate fertilizer companies lack the enthusiasm for adopting this new technology. Currently, domestic phosphogypsum The processing volume is still less than 20%. It can thus be seen that the development of a circular economy requires the government to formulate industrial policies that meet new values ​​and coordinate the participation of various forces in society.
The promotion of circular economy and technology requires innovative technological concepts. To replace the shortage of resources and energy, we must establish the concept of functional substitution. We should not rigidly adhere to the substitution of the same products. The goal is to pursue the reduction of resources and energy and the reduction of pollution. For example, at present, the problem of coal-oil substitutes that are very hot in China is that liquid fuels that can be used by vehicles, boats, and airplanes do not necessarily require gasoline and diesel. There are several types of solutions in dispute: direct hydrogenation and liquefaction of coal to produce oil, high-pressure reaction, and products are mainly based on inferior diesel, and continuous high-pressure hydrogenation and reforming are required. The energy consumption is 4 to 4.5 tons of standard coal/ton of liquid fuel; coal Indirect hydrogenation liquefaction to produce oil, medium pressure reaction, the product is inferior quality gasoline and diesel oil, to be continuously pressurized, energy consumption is 5 ~ 5.5 tons of standard coal / ton of liquid fuel; dimethyl ether synthesis, medium pressure reaction, the product is diesel fuel generation Supplies, compared with diesel, the engine efficiency is 10% to 15% higher, the noise is 10dB lower, the exhaust gas cleanliness conforms to Euro III standard, the energy consumption is 2.2 to 2.5 tons standard coal/ton liquid fuel; methanol synthesis, medium pressure reaction Can be mixed with petrol or used alone, the engine output is low, low energy density, toxic, energy consumption is 1.8 ~ 2.2 tons of standard coal / ton of liquid fuel. It can be seen that the energy consumption levels of several schemes are quite different. In theory, the ratio of the energy efficiency of coal to methanol, dimethyl ether, and diesel is 1:0.714:0.438, which means that the use of methanol and dimethyl ether to replace oil will save about half of the coal resources. Moreover, the technology for producing methanol and dimethyl ether from coal is mature, and the technology of coal-to-oil is not mature.
From this, we can see the current risk of large coal-to-oil projects in China. Which kind of coal substitute oil program China uses, the country's decision-making departments do need to consider long-term plans.