When the AC current is overloaded, the AC voltage applied to the load and the AC current passing through the load cause a phase difference, and the concept of the power factor is drawn from it. People use electricity from production and living from the power grid, and the grid provides AC power with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. As the load of the alternating current, there are three types of resistors, inductors, and capacitors. When the alternating current is passed through a purely resistive load, the alternating voltage applied to the resistor is in phase with the alternating current through the resistor, that is, the phase angle between them is Ñ„ = 0°, and the active power is consumed on the resistive load. The grid has to supply energy. When the AC power passes through the pure inductive load, the phase of the AC voltage on the AC current is 90° ahead of the phase, and the angle between them is Ñ„=90°, which generates reactive power on the inductive load, and the power supplied by the grid changes in the inductance. After the magnetic field can be stored for a short time and then fed back to the grid to become electric energy, the periodic cycle is endless. As a result, the grid does not supply energy, so it is called “reactive powerâ€, but the “reactive current†that generates “reactive power†is actually existing. When the AC power is passed through a pure capacitive load, it is similar to this, except that the phase of the AC voltage on it lags the phase of the AC current by 90°, and the angle between them is Ñ„ = -90°. Here, the phase angle is defined as positive and the phase angle lag is negative. The actual load is the three types of composites of the resistance, the inductance of the inductor, and the capacitive reactance of the capacitor. After compounding, it is called “impedanceâ€, and the mathematical formula is: impedance Z= R+j ( XL – XC). Where R is the resistance, XL is the inductive reactance, and XC is the capacitive reactance. If ( XL– XC) > 0, it is called “inductive loadâ€; otherwise, if ( XL – XC) < 0 is called “capacitive loadâ€. When the AC power passes through the inductive load, the phase of the AC voltage leads the AC current phase (0°)
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