Researchers at Stanford University in the United States have created a flexible, color-changing, pressure-sensitive material that is by far the closest artificial material to chameleon skin. Touch this electronic skin with different intensity, it will change the color. Researchers pointed out that the future of this electronic skin in interactive wearable devices, artificial limbs, intelligent robots and so has a wide range of applications. There have been similar discoloration materials in the past, but few materials can sense stress and none are flexible.
The new electronic skin has these three features for the first time. Zhou Hexiu at Stanford University, the first author of the paper, said that this is a flexible electronic skin that resembles a chameleon and can easily control the color of the electronic skin by changing the size and duration of the applied pressure; in turn, Identify the size of the pressure through the electronic skin color change.
The new electronic skin mainly consists of two parts: elastic microstructured polymeric materials and elastic electrochromic polymeric materials, the former can change the voltage with the pressure, which can become red or blue with voltage changes.
Researchers use a fluffy bear to demonstrate how electronic skin is discolored. They applied pressure sensitive material to their cubs and connected them to electrochromic materials placed on the belly of their cubs. The electrochromic material was dark red first, turning it into a blue-gray when it was gently held by a bear's paw (pressure about 50 kPa) and dark red when it was released. It turned pale blue when vigorously gripped (about 200 kPa).
The researchers explained that this is a multi-step process. The pressure in the handshake causes the resistance of the pressure sensitive material to drop, thereby raising the voltage of the electrochromic material and oxidizing the material to slightly alter its chemical structure, thereby significantly changing its absorption spectrum. After the pressure is removed, the process will quickly reverse.
Although the electrochromic materials used in the study only changed between red and blue, the researchers hoped that other electrochromic materials would have more color, which would lead to more widespread use. Electronic skin may be combined with wearable or portable devices, such as clothes, smartphones, smart watches, etc., to integrate various colors into one device as an interactive way of decorating or expressing emotions.
Zhou Hexiu said that the change of color of the electronic skin can also be used to distinguish the pressure, this system can with any want to know the surface pressure of things. In addition, it has camouflage features that can be used for prosthetics and intelligent robots. Elastic system can be well attached to curved and dynamic surfaces, the traditional hard materials can not do this.
Piezoelectric material to stimulate the discoloration material, is the artificial multicolored skin, which is a little bit like the principle of the chameleon skin: the latter is the nerve stimulated pigment cells to expand, shrink. Artificial imitation products more simple and controllable; natural products can color, temperature, endocrine, mental state and change color, more complex and interesting. It is not impossible to invent a skin that will change color in the future. Until then, we look at the stock market, the face will really turn green.
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